During the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries, Europeans developed the technology and ambitions which would be the foundations for colonisation throughout the British Atlantic Empire (1603-1763). In the early days of colonisation, promoters in America encountered increasing difficulty in finding settlers for their colonies as an expanding economy in England meant that fewer people were available for work within the colonies. However, significant migrations occurred during the seventeenth Century, resulting in the steady setting up of colonies in the ‘New World’; for example, in this period alone 130,000 people migrated to the Chesapeake and 21,000 to New England.

Background, Context and History

Whatever the motives for emigration to the Americas, one thing was certain: people were seeking a new life ‘beyond the seas’. It has often been asserted that the leading motives for emigration to the Chesapeake were economic. Indeed, the people of Europe wanted to make a life for themselves and embrace the so-called “rivers of gold” which the Spanish had already conquered.

Conversely, religion has been looked upon as the chief motive for the emigration to New England; it is believed that the Puritans assumed they could purify their churches and enact a code of laws derived from the Bible. Although these conceptions may be accurate, an analysis of the extent to which the Chesapeake and New England emigrants shared common motives for their migration will consider several alternative viewpoints.

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