During the American War of Independence from Great Britain, both sides formed alliances with various of the Indian nations. These alliances pitted tribe against tribe in what amounted to a civil war. Nowhere was this struggle more devastating than among the Iroquois Confederacy, also called the Six Nations, inhabiting what is now upstate New York. In the summer of 1779, the Iroquois lands were subjected to a war of destruction by a large American force under the command of Major General John Sullivan.

The Iroquois Threat to New York

Four of the Six Nations sided with the British – The Seneca, Cayuga, Mohawk, and many of the Onondaga – while the Oneida and the Tuscarora fought with the Americans. By the end of 1778, while the British regular army was confining the Continental forces to the eastern seaboard, their Indian allies conducted constant raids on the American settlements in their territory. General George Washington, feeling the necessity of taking some action in upper New York, and wanting to encourage support among New Englanders for the war effort, called on Major General John Sullivan of New Hampshire, along with Major General James Clinton of New York, to lead a force against the enemy Iroquois.

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